Application layer, Presentation layer, Session layer, Transport layer [segment]
Network layer [packets], Data link layer [frame], Physical layer [bits]
APPLICATION LAYER
- Provides network services to application processes like e-mail, File Transfer, and Terminal Emulation.
PRESENTATION LAYER
- Data representation
- Ensures data is readable by receiving system
- Format of data
- Data structure
- Negotiates data transfer syntax for application layer
- Compression, decompression, encryption and decryption
SESSION LAYER
- Inter-host communication
- Establishes, manages, and terminates sessions between applications
TRANSPORT LAYER
- End-to-end connection reliability
- Concerned with data transport issues between hosts
- Data transport reliability
- Establishes, maintains, and terminates virtual circuits
- Fault detection and recovery
- Information flow control
NETWORK LAYER
- Addresses the best path
- Provides connectivity and path selection between two end systems
- Domain of routing
DATA LINK LAYER
- Access to media
- Provides reliable transfer of data across media
- Physical addressing, network topology, error notification and flow control
PHYSICAL LAYER
- Binary transmission
- Through wires, connectors, voltages, data rates